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Class 6 Sanskrit — Deepakam Chapter 5 अस्माकं परिवारः — Formulas & Key Points

CBSE Class 6 Sanskrit Deepakam Chapter 5 अस्माकं परिवारः builds vocabulary around family relationships and counting from one to ten in Sanskrit. Mastering the gender-specific forms of numbers, the षष्ठी vibhakti for possession, and correct pronoun usage is essential for sentence construction in exams. This formula sheet organizes every grammatical rule, vocabulary item, and declension pattern into tables, memory aids, and mini-examples so you can revise rapidly before tests or while completing NCERT exercises.

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Key takeaways

✓Chapter 5 covers 12 core family relation words (पिता, माता, भ्राता, भगिनी, पितामहः, पितामही etc.) with their correct genders and vibhakti forms.
✓Sanskrit numbers एकः to दशः change forms based on gender (पुल्लिङ्ग, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, नपुंसकलिङ्ग) — एकः (masculine), एका (feminine), एकम् (neuter).
✓Pronouns अहम्, त्वम्, सः, सा, तत् and their plural forms वयम्, यूयम्, ते, ताः, तानि appear frequently in family context sentences.
✓Prathamā vibhakti (nominative case) is used for subject; षष्ठी vibhakti (genitive) shows possession — e.g. मम पिता, तव माता.
✓Common error: writing भ्रातः instead of भ्राता in nominative singular or mixing gender of numbers (त्रयः भगिन्यः is wrong; तिस्रः भगिन्यः is correct).
✓Memorize the triad: masculine ends often in -ः (पितामहः), feminine in -आ or -ई (पितामही, भगिनी), neuter in -अम् (गृहम्).
✓Use CBSETUTOR.ai's 24×7 photo-upload AI tutor to instantly check your Sanskrit sentence formations and vibhakti declensions — flat ₹999/month for all classes 6-12, 3-day free trial.

Family Relation Vocabulary (परिवार सम्बन्ध) — Master Table

The chapter introduces twelve key family relation words. Each has a fixed gender (लिङ्ग) and changes form across vibhaktis. In Class 6 focus stays on Prathamā (nominative) and षष्ठी (genitive) cases. Memorize the nominative singular form first, then the षष्ठी plural pattern for 'of many'. The table below lists the exact NCERT terms, their gender markers, and the षष्ठी singular form used for possession. These words form the backbone of almost every exercise in Chapter 5. Always check the gender before choosing a verb or adjective ending. Feminine nouns ending in -आ or -ई follow ā-stem and ī-stem declensions; masculine nouns in -आ (पितामहः is an exception) follow a-stem rules.

पिता (m.) — father; षष्ठी singular: पितुः; षष्ठी plural: पितॄणाम्
माता (f.) — mother; षष्ठी singular: मातुः; षष्ठी plural: मातॄणाम्
भ्राता (m.) — brother; षष्ठी singular: भ्रातुः; षष्ठी plural: भ्रातॄणाम्
भगिनी (f.) — sister; षष्ठी singular: भगिन्याः; षष्ठी plural: भगिनीनाम्
पितामहः (m.) — paternal grandfather; षष्ठी singular: पितामहस्य; षष्ठी plural: पितामहानाम्
पितामही (f.) — paternal grandmother; षष्ठी singular: पितामह्याः; षष्ठी plural: पितामहीनाम्
पुत्रः (m.) — son; षष्ठी singular: पुत्रस्य; षष्ठी plural: पुत्राणाम्
पुत्री (f.) — daughter; षष्ठी singular: पुत्र्याः; षष्ठी plural: पुत्रीणाम्
पौत्रः (m.) — grandson; षष्ठी singular: पौत्रस्य; षष्ठी plural: पौत्राणाम्
पौत्री (f.) — granddaughter; षष्ठी singular: पौत्र्याः; षष्ठी plural: पौत्रीणाम्

Sanskrit Numbers एकः to दशः — Gender-Wise Forms

Sanskrit numbers from one to ten inflect for gender and vibhakti. In Class 6 Deepakam you need the nominative forms in all three genders. From एकः to चत्वारः the forms change significantly; from पञ्च onwards numbers are largely indeclinable in nominative. The table below shows masculine, feminine, and neuter nominative singular forms for 1 to 4, then the common form for 5 to 10. When you say 'three sisters', use the feminine form तिस्रः, not त्रयः. This is a frequent error in exercises. Always match the number's gender to the noun it qualifies. Beyond four, the same word is used for all genders in most practical sentences at this level, though technically पञ्च has subtle variations in higher classes. For exams, learn 1 to 4 by heart in all three columns.

१ (1): पुल्लिङ्ग एकः, स्त्रीलिङ्ग एका, नपुंसकलिङ्ग एकम्
२ (2): पुल्लिङ्ग द्वौ, स्त्रीलिङ्ग द्वे, नपुंसकलिङ्ग द्वे
३ (3): पुल्लिङ्ग त्रयः, स्त्रीलिङ्ग तिस्रः, नपुंसकलिङ्ग त्रीणि
४ (4): पुल्लिङ्ग चत्वारः, स्त्रीलिङ्ग चतस्रः, नपुंसकलिङ्ग चत्वारि
५ to १० (5-10): पञ्च, षट्, सप्त, अष्ट, नव, दश — generally same form for all genders in nominative usage at Class 6 level

Pronoun Declension Table (Prathamā & षष्ठी Vibhakti)

Pronouns अहम् (I), त्वम् (you), सः (he), सा (she), तत् (it/that-neuter) appear in nearly every sentence. You must know their nominative (subject) and षष्ठी (possessive) forms in singular and plural. The षष्ठी forms मम, तव, तस्य, तस्याः are used before family words to show possession (my father, your mother, his brother, her sister). Plural forms वयम्, यूयम्, ते, ताः, तानि are less common in Chapter 5 but appear in aggregate family sentences. The table below covers both vibhaktis. Memorize the षष्ठी column especially; it is tested in fill-in-the-blanks and translation exercises. Notice the dual forms द्वौ/द्वे share some pronoun roots but are covered in higher classes; for now focus on singular and plural.

Singular Nominative: अहम्, त्वम्, सः, सा, तत्
Singular षष्ठी (possessive): मम, तव, तस्य, तस्याः, तस्य
Plural Nominative: वयम्, यूयम्, ते, ताः, तानि
Plural षष्ठी: अस्माकम्, युष्माकम्, तेषाम्, तासाम्, तेषाम्
Common mistake: writing मम पितः instead of मम पिता in nominative or मम पितस्य when षष्ठी is already मम

Vibhakti Usage Rules — Prathamā and षष्ठी in Context

Vibhakti (case) tells you the role of a noun in a sentence. Prathamā vibhakti marks the subject (कर्ता) — the doer or the person/thing being described. षष्ठी vibhakti marks the possessor (संबंध) — whose, of whom. In अस्माकं परिवारः, most sentences are simple: subject in Prathamā + verb अस्ति/सन्ति + optional षष्ठी possessive phrase. For example, पितामहः वृद्धः अस्ति uses Prathamā for पितामहः (subject), वृद्धः (predicate adjective). Adding मम makes it मम पितामहः — 'my grandfather'. The षष्ठी word always comes before the noun it possesses. At Class 6 level you will not see complex multi-vibhakti sentences; drill these two cases until automatic. Table below summarizes when each is used and common sentence patterns.

Prathamā vibhakti: subject of the sentence; answer to 'who?' or 'what?'; ends in -ः (m.), -आ/-ई (f.), -अम् (n.) in singular nominative
षष्ठी vibhakti: shows possession or relation; answer to 'whose?'; ends in -स्य (m./n. singular), -याः (f. singular), -णाम्/-आनाम् (plurals)
Sentence pattern 1: [षष्ठी possessor] + [Prathamā subject] + [verb] — मम पिता अस्ति।
Sentence pattern 2: [Prathamā subject] + [adjective in Prathamā] + [अस्ति/सन्ति] — भगिनी सुन्दरी अस्ति।
Error trap: Do not use षष्ठी for the subject; पितुः गृहे अस्ति is wrong if you mean 'father is at home' — correct is पिता गृहे अस्ति।

Key Terms & Definitions (शब्दावली)

Beyond family words and numbers, Chapter 5 uses a handful of everyday nouns and adjectives. Knowing their gender and base form helps you apply correct vibhakti endings and match adjectives. The NCERT text includes गृहम् (house, neuter), विद्यालयः (school, masculine), वृद्धः/वृद्धा (old, masculine/feminine adjective), सुन्दरः/सुन्दरी (beautiful), बालकः/बालिका (boy/girl), and sentence particles च (and), अपि (also, even). Each adjective must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. For example, if describing पुत्री, use सुन्दरी (feminine form), not सुन्दरः (masculine). The list below defines terms as they appear in NCERT Deepakam Chapter 5; definitions are in English for clarity, but remember to write answers in Sanskrit during exams.

गृहम् (neuter) — house, home; nominative singular गृहम्, षष्ठी singular गृहस्य
विद्यालयः (masculine) — school; nominative singular विद्यालयः, षष्ठी singular विद्यालयस्य
वृद्धः/वृद्धा (adj.) — old, aged; agree with noun gender
सुन्दरः/सुन्दरी/सुन्दरम् (adj.) — beautiful, handsome; three gender forms
बालकः/बालिका — boy/girl; षष्ठी forms बालकस्य, बालिकायाः
च — and (enclitic, joins two words or phrases)
अपि — also, even, too (placed after the word it emphasizes)

Memory Tricks & Mnemonics

Sanskrit vocabulary and grammar stick faster with mnemonics. For family relations, group by generation: grandparents (पितामहः, पितामही), parents (पिता, माता), self-level (भ्राता, भगिनी), children (पुत्रः, पुत्री), grandchildren (पौत्रः, पौत्री). Notice the symmetry: words ending in -ता are masculine (पिता, भ्राता), most ending in -ई or -आ are feminine (भगिनी, माता). For numbers 1 to 4, remember the rhyme 'एक-द्वि-त्रि-चतुर्' as the root, then add gender suffixes: एकः/एका/एकम्, द्वौ/द्वे/द्वे, त्रयः/तिस्रः/त्रीणि, चत्वारः/चतस्रः/चत्वारि. From five onwards, one word rules: पञ्च षट् सप्ताष्टनवदश (chant it like a phone number). For षष्ठी possessives, think 'my-your-his-her' = मम-तव-तस्य-तस्याः (sounds like 'mama-tava-tasya-tasyaah'). Write each mnemonic on a flashcard and test yourself daily.

Generation ladder: पितामहः (top), पिता (middle), पुत्रः (bottom) — mental family tree
Gender jingle: -ः = he, -आ or -ई = she, -अम् = it (neutral thing)
Number roots: एक=one, द्वि=two, त्रि=three, चतुर्=four; add case/gender endings
षष्ठी possession chant: 'मम तव तस्य तस्याः' — I-you-he-she order
Adjective agreement mantra: 'same gender, same number, same case' — if noun is feminine singular Prathamā, adjective must be too

Common Mistakes, Sign & Notation Errors

Class 6 Sanskrit learners often mix up visarga (ः) and anusvāra (ं), swap masculine and feminine number forms, or use षष्ठी when Prathamā is needed. Writing भ्रातः in nominative instead of भ्राता is a classic error; भ्रातः is vocative (addressing 'O brother!'). Another frequent slip: using masculine त्रयः with feminine nouns (त्रयः भगिन्यः is incorrect; correct is तिस्रः भगिन्यः). In handwritten Devanagari, students sometimes omit the ा vowel sign or place it on the wrong consonant. Double-check every matra (vowel sign) and consonant joint. When typing or handwriting, ensure visarga appears as two dots vertically, not horizontally. In vibhakti forms, case endings are non-negotiable; पितुः is षष्ठी, पिता is nominative — they are not interchangeable. Use the CBSETUTOR.ai photo-upload feature to verify your handwritten Sanskrit sentences; the AI tutor flags matra, visarga, and case errors instantly, saving you marks in exams.

Visarga (ः) vs anusvāra (ं): visarga = two vertical dots, comes at syllable end; anusvāra = dot above, nasalizes the vowel
Nominative vs vocative: पिता (father, subject) vs पितः (O father, calling) — don't use vocative in statements
Gender mismatch in numbers: एकः बालकः (correct), एकः बालिका (wrong) — should be एका बालिका
षष्ठी overuse: मम पिता (my father, correct) but not मम पितुः as subject; पितुः is षष्ठी, means 'of father', not 'father'
Missing matra: पिता written as पित (loses ा) changes meaning entirely; always draw the ा stroke clearly

Three Solved Mini-Examples

Work through these step-by-step applications of vocabulary and grammar rules. Each example mirrors typical NCERT exercise questions and shows how to choose the correct vibhakti, gender, and number form. Read the question, identify the required case and gender, pick the right word form from your tables, then construct the sentence. These mini-examples cover possessive sentences, number-noun agreement, and pronoun usage — the three pillars of Chapter 5. Practice similar constructions by swapping family members and numbers. After solving on paper, verify your Sanskrit sentence structure and Devanagari script accuracy using CBSETUOR.ai's AI tutor; upload a photo of your notebook and get instant feedback on case usage and spelling before your teacher checks it.

One-Glance Last-Minute Revision Box

Use this box five minutes before your exam or quiz. It condenses the entire chapter into bullet-point essentials. Cover the page, recall each row, then check. If you can recite all rows fluently, you are exam-ready. Print this box or copy it onto a flashcard. Pair it with CBSETUTOR.ai's chapter-wise practice questions to simulate real test conditions. The platform generates unlimited Sanskrit sentence formation and translation drills at ₹999/month flat fee for Classes 6-12, so you never run out of practice material. Three-day free trial means you can test it before your next unit test. Keep this revision box in your pencil pouch; one quick read during break time reinforces memory and boosts confidence right before you enter the exam hall.

Family: पिता, माता, भ्राता, भगिनी, पितामहः, पितामही, पुत्रः, पुत्री, पौत्रः, पौत्री (know gender & षष्ठी forms)
Numbers 1-4: m. एकः द्वौ त्रयः चत्वारः | f. एका द्वे तिस्रः चतस्रः | n. एकम् द्वे त्रीणि चत्वारि | 5-10: पञ्च षट् सप्त अष्ट नव दश (same for all genders)
Pronouns Nominative: अहम्, त्वम्, सः, सा, तत्, वयम्, यूयम्, ते, ताः, तानि
Pronouns षष्ठी: मम, तव, तस्य, तस्याः, तस्य | अस्माकम्, युष्माकम्, तेषाम्, तासाम्, तेषाम्
Prathamā = subject; षष्ठी = possessive (whose); adjective agrees in gender, number, case with noun
Visarga ः (two vertical dots), not anusvāra ं; feminine plural -याः or -नाम्; masculine plural -ः nom., -णाम् षष्ठी
Sentence formula: [षष्ठी possessor] + [Prathamā subject] + [adjective] + [अस्ति/सन्ति/स्तः]

How CBSETUTOR.ai Accelerates Your Sanskrit Mastery

Traditional Sanskrit coaching demands memorizing paradigms in isolation. CBSETUOR.ai flips that model: you snap a photo of any NCERT exercise — sentence formation, translation, or fill-in-the-blank — and the AI tutor returns a step-by-step solution with grammar explanations in seconds. For Chapter 5 अस्माकं परिवारः, upload your attempt at writing 'My grandfather and grandmother are old'; the AI checks vibhakti forms, gender agreement, Devanagari spelling, and even suggests memory tricks if you repeat an error. Parents in metros and Tier-2 cities report their Class 6 children gain confidence within days because the AI never judges slow learners and is available 24×7, unlike a human tutor's fixed two-hour slot. At a flat ₹999 per month for every class from 6 to 12, one subscription covers your child's entire school journey. Start with the three-day free trial: test it on this chapter's exercises, see instant feedback, and decide. CBSETUTOR.ai also generates extra practice sentences so your child drills every family relation word and number form until automatic, ensuring top marks in the Class 6 Sanskrit paper and a strong foundation for future classes.

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Frequently asked questions

What are the main topics in CBSE Class 6 Sanskrit Deepakam Chapter 5 अस्माकं परिवारः?+

Chapter 5 covers परिवार सम्बन्ध (family relationships) — words like पिता, माता, भ्राता, भगिनी, पितामहः, पितामही, पुत्रः, पुत्री — and संख्या एक से दश (numbers one to ten) with correct gender forms. You also learn Prathamā and षष्ठी vibhakti usage and basic sentence construction.

How do I choose between एकः, एका, and एकम् for the number one?+

Match the gender of the noun. Use एकः with masculine nouns (एकः बालकः), एका with feminine nouns (एका बालिका), and एकम् with neuter nouns (एकम् गृहम्). This pattern applies to numbers one through four; from five onwards the form पञ्च is generally same for all genders in Class 6 contexts.

What is the difference between पिता and पितुः?+

पिता is the nominative (Prathamā) singular form meaning 'father' as subject (e.g. पिता गृहे अस्ति — father is at home). पितुः is the षष्ठी (genitive) singular form meaning 'of father' or used in certain oblique cases. For possession you use षष्ठी of the pronoun: मम पिता (my father), not मम पितुः in subject position.

Why is तिस्रः used for three sisters and not त्रयः?+

त्रयः is the masculine form of three; भगिन्यः (sisters) is feminine plural. Sanskrit numbers one to four change by gender. The feminine form of three is तिस्रः. So correct usage is तिस्रः भगिन्यः (three sisters), while त्रयः भ्रातरः (three brothers) uses the masculine form.

Which vibhakti do I use to say 'my father' or 'your mother'?+

Use षष्ठी vibhakti for the possessive pronoun and Prathamā for the family member. For example, मम पिता (my father) — मम is षष्ठी of अहम्, पिता is Prathamā nominative subject. Similarly, तव माता (your mother) — तव is षष्ठी of त्वम्, माता is nominative.

What are the common mistakes students make in this chapter?+

Common errors include mixing up masculine and feminine number forms (using त्रयः for feminine nouns), writing भ्रातः instead of भ्राता in nominative, using षष्ठी form पितुः as subject instead of पिता, omitting or misplacing vowel signs (matra) in Devanagari, and confusing visarga (ः) with anusvāra (ं). Careful proofreading and practicing vibhakti tables prevent these slips.

How do I remember all the षष्ठी forms for pronouns?+

Use the mnemonic मम-तव-तस्य-तस्याः for I-you-he-she possessives in singular, and अस्माकम्-युष्माकम्-तेषाम्-तासाम् for plural. Write them in a table, chant them aloud five times daily, and practice filling blanks in sentences. Flashcards with one pronoun per card also work well for quick revision before exams.

Are there any memory tricks for family relation words in Sanskrit?+

Group by generation: top (पितामहः, पितामही), middle (पिता, माता), same level (भ्राता, भगिनी), children (पुत्रः, पुत्री), grandchildren (पौत्रः, पौत्री). Notice -ता ending often indicates masculine (पिता, भ्राता), -ई or -आ often feminine (भगिनी, माता). Drawing a family tree with Sanskrit labels reinforces visual memory.

How can CBSETUTOR.ai help with Sanskrit Deepakam Chapter 5 exercises?+

CBSETUTOR.ai's AI tutor lets you photograph your Sanskrit homework or test answers. It instantly checks vibhakti usage, gender agreement, Devanagari spelling, and provides step-by-step corrections with grammar explanations. You get unlimited practice sentences and 24×7 availability at ₹999/month flat for Classes 6-12, with a three-day free trial to test all features before subscribing.

Do I need to memorize षष्ठी plural forms like पितॄणाम् and भगिनीनाम् for Class 6 exams?+

Yes, CBSE Class 6 Sanskrit exams often ask you to write sentences with plural possessives, such as 'of the brothers' or 'of the sisters'. While singular षष्ठी (मम, तव, तस्य) is more frequent, knowing the plural forms (पितॄणाम्, मातॄणाम्, भ्रातॄणाम्, भगिनीनाम्) ensures you can handle all exercise variations and score full marks in translation and sentence formation tasks.

Related resources

Important Questions: CBSE Class 6 Sanskrit — Deepakam Chapter 5 अस्माकं परिवारः CBSE Class 6 Sanskrit — Deepakam Chapter 5 अस्माकं परिवारः Worksheet with Answers CBSE Class 6 Sanskrit — Deepakam Chapter 5 अस्माकं परिवारः: mind map & revision Important Questions: CBSE Class 6 Sanskrit — Deepakam Chapter 4 क्रियापदम्AI Tutor for Class 6: The Smart Alternative to Tuition AI Tutor for Class 6 Maths: Learn Faster with Instant Help Class 9 Sanskrit Deepakam Chapter 2: शब्द-परिचयः Previous Year Questions (2020–2025)Class 9 Mathematics Chapter 2 Polynomials — Formulas & Key Points

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