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Important Questions: CBSE Class 10 Social Science Chapter 14 Federalism

Federalism is a crucial chapter in CBSE Class 10 Social Science (Political Science), forming part of the Democratic Politics II textbook. It explains how power is divided between central and state governments in India, the three-tier federal structure, and the importance of decentralisation. Board exams regularly test concepts like Union, State, and Concurrent Lists, constitutional amendments related to federalism, and the comparison of Indian federalism with other countries. This question bank equips you with 18 carefully selected questions and model answers to score maximum marks.

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Key takeaways

  • ✓Federalism chapter typically carries 4-6 marks in the CBSE Class 10 Social Science board exam, appearing as MCQs, short answers, and case-based questions.
  • ✓Most board questions test understanding of federal structure, Union List vs State List vs Concurrent List, and the role of decentralisation in India.
  • ✓5-mark questions often include case studies comparing Indian federalism with Belgium or Sri Lanka, requiring comparative analysis skills.
  • ✓The 2024 board paper included a 4-mark question on the importance of decentralisation and a 1-mark MCQ on the Constitutional Amendment for local governments.
  • ✓Common mistakes include confusing unitary features with federal features of Indian Constitution and misidentifying subjects in the three Lists.
  • ✓Practising 15-18 structured questions with model answers significantly improves answer quality, clarity, and exam confidence.
  • ✓CBSETUTOR.ai offers 24×7 AI tutoring with photo-upload doubt solving at ₹999/month for all classes 6-12, with a 3-day free trial to practise Federalism and other chapters interactively.

Chapter Overview and Marks Weightage in CBSE Exam

Chapter 14 Federalism is part of Unit III: Democratic Politics II in the CBSE Class 10 Social Science syllabus. The chapter carries a combined weightage of approximately 4-6 marks in the 80-mark theory paper. Questions appear in Section A (MCQs, 1 mark each), Section B (short answers, 3 marks), and Section D (case-based questions, 4-5 marks). The 2024 board paper included one MCQ on the 73rd Constitutional Amendment and one 4-mark question on the significance of decentralisation in India. The 2023 paper had a 3-mark question comparing Belgian and Indian models of power-sharing. Examiners focus on conceptual clarity about federal structure, the three Lists in the Seventh Schedule, and real-life examples of Union-State cooperation and conflicts. The chapter also integrates with themes of democracy and power-sharing from earlier chapters, making it a high-scoring topic if you understand the constitutional framework and current affairs related to Centre-State relations.
  • Weightage: 4-6 marks out of 80 in the theory paper
  • Question types: MCQ (1 mark), short answer (3 marks), case-based (4-5 marks)
  • 2024 paper: one MCQ on 73rd Amendment, one 4-mark question on decentralisation
  • 2023 paper: 3-mark question comparing Belgian and Indian federalism
  • Key focus areas: Union-State-Concurrent Lists, decentralisation, language policy, constitutional amendments (73rd and 74th)

1-Mark Questions: MCQ and Very Short Answer

These questions test factual recall and basic concepts. In the CBSE board exam, MCQs are usually presented with four options (A, B, C, D). Very Short Answer (VSA) questions require one-word to one-sentence responses. From the Federalism chapter, expect questions on definitions, lists in the Seventh Schedule, constitutional amendments, and examples of federal vs unitary features. Speed and accuracy matter here—each MCQ carries 1 mark, and negative marking is not applied. Revise NCERT definitions verbatim and key dates (1992 for 73rd and 74th Amendments). Below are six representative 1-mark questions with answers.
  • Q1: Which one of the following subjects is NOT in the Union List? (A) Defence (B) Banking (C) Police (D) Currency. Answer: (C) Police (State List)
  • Q2: In which year were the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments passed? Answer: 1992
  • Q3: What is the third tier of government in India called? Answer: Local self-government or Panchayati Raj institutions and Urban Local Bodies
  • Q4: Name one unitary feature of the Indian Constitution. Answer: Single Constitution, single citizenship, or strong Centre during emergencies
  • Q5: Which List contains subjects like education, forests, and marriage? (A) Union List (B) State List (C) Concurrent List (D) Residuary List. Answer: (C) Concurrent List
  • Q6: True or False: India is a 'holding together' federation. Answer: True

2-Mark Questions with Model Answers

Two-mark questions require brief explanations, usually two distinct points or one point with elaboration. CBSE mark schemes award 1 mark per valid point. From Federalism, expect questions asking you to state two features, explain a term, or give two examples. Write in complete sentences; bullet points are acceptable if each bullet is a full idea. Avoid long paragraphs—examiners prefer crisp, clear answers. Below are four 2-mark questions with model answers that illustrate the expected depth and format.
  • Q7: State any two features of federalism. Answer: (i) Two or more levels of government, each having its own jurisdiction. (ii) The Constitution clearly demarcates powers between central and state governments, and courts have the authority to interpret the division.
  • Q8: Why is the Concurrent List important in Indian federalism? Answer: The Concurrent List includes subjects of common interest to both Union and States, such as education, forests, and marriage. It allows cooperation and coordination, but in case of conflict, Union law prevails, ensuring national uniformity where necessary.
  • Q9: Mention two provisions that make Indian federalism unique compared to the USA. Answer: (i) India has a single Constitution for the Centre and all States, whereas the USA has separate state constitutions. (ii) India has Concurrent List and asymmetric federalism (special status to some States), which USA does not have.
  • Q10: How does the Constitution ensure financial autonomy for States? Answer: (i) States have their own sources of revenue (sales tax, stamp duty, land revenue). (ii) The Finance Commission recommends sharing of central taxes and grants-in-aid to States, ensuring fiscal federalism.

3-Mark Questions with Detailed Answers

Three-mark questions demand structured answers with three distinct points or one point with detailed explanation and an example. CBSE awards 1 mark per valid, well-explained point. Use paragraphs or numbered points—whichever you are comfortable with—but ensure clarity. Questions often begin with 'Explain', 'Describe', or 'How does...'. From Federalism, popular 3-mark topics include decentralisation, language policy, and the three Lists. Below are four representative questions with model answers that meet CBSE marking criteria.
  • Q11: Explain any three features of the federal system in India. Answer: (i) Division of powers: The Constitution divides powers between Union and States through Union List (97 subjects), State List (66 subjects), and Concurrent List (47 subjects). (ii) Written and supreme Constitution: The Indian Constitution is written, and no level of government can unilaterally change the division of powers without constitutional amendment. (iii) Independent judiciary: The Supreme Court and High Courts interpret the Constitution and resolve disputes between Centre and States, safeguarding the federal structure.
  • Q12: How has decentralisation strengthened grassroots democracy in India? Answer: (i) Constitutional status: The 73rd and 74th Amendments (1992) gave constitutional recognition to Panchayati Raj and Urban Local Bodies, making local governments a third tier. (ii) Reserved seats: At least one-third of seats are reserved for women, and seats are reserved for SC/ST, ensuring representation of marginalised groups. (iii) Devolution of powers and resources: State governments now devolve powers, functions, and funds to local bodies, enabling them to address local issues like water supply, sanitation, and primary education directly.
  • Q13: Describe the language policy adopted by India to maintain federal harmony. Answer: (i) No national language: India has not imposed any single language as the national language. Hindi in Devanagari script is the official language of the Union, but English continues as an associate official language. (ii) Recognition of regional languages: The Constitution recognises 22 scheduled languages, and States have the freedom to choose their official language (e.g., Tamil in Tamil Nadu, Bengali in West Bengal). (iii) Safeguards for linguistic minorities: Language policy respects diversity and prevents domination of one linguistic group over others, maintaining unity in diversity and reducing Centre-State tensions.
  • Q14: Why is the distribution of powers essential in a federal system? Answer: (i) Prevents concentration: It prevents concentration of power at the Centre and protects the autonomy of States, allowing regional aspirations to be addressed. (ii) Efficiency and specialization: Different levels of government can focus on subjects best handled at that level—for example, defence at the Centre, police at the State, and sanitation at the local level. (iii) Checks and balances: Clear demarcation of powers reduces conflicts and ensures that each level operates within its jurisdiction, with the judiciary resolving disputes.

5-Mark Questions and Case-Based Questions

Five-mark questions are the most demanding and often appear as case-based or source-based questions in Section D of the board paper. You are given a passage, table, or cartoon and asked to answer sub-questions totalling 4-5 marks. These test analytical and application skills—merely reproducing NCERT text will not suffice. Structure your answer with an introduction, multiple well-explained points (at least four), and a brief conclusion or example. CBSE mark schemes allocate 1 mark per substantive point; clarity and logical flow earn you full marks. Below are four representative 5-mark questions with detailed model answers.

More 5-Mark Case-Based and Long Answer Questions

Here are two additional 5-mark questions that reflect the style and depth expected in CBSE board exams. These questions integrate multiple concepts—federal structure, decentralisation, and comparison with other countries—and require synthesis of knowledge from different parts of the chapter. Write in paragraphs or well-structured points, use examples from NCERT or current affairs, and ensure you cover all parts of the question. Each sub-part carries marks as indicated; ensure your answer length matches the marks.

How CBSE Frames Questions from Chapter 14 Federalism

CBSE question paper setters follow the syllabus and NCERT textbook closely, with a mix of knowledge-based, understanding-based, and application-based questions. For Federalism, around 60% of questions test direct NCERT content—definitions, features, lists, and constitutional amendments. The remaining 40% require application—case studies comparing India with Belgium or Sri Lanka, interpreting data or cartoons on Centre-State relations, and analysing current issues like GST or special status demands. Case-based questions have become standard in CBSE papers since 2020. These provide a stimulus (text, table, or image) and ask 3-4 sub-questions totalling 4-5 marks. The 2024 paper included a case on decentralisation with sub-questions on 73rd Amendment and significance of local governance. MCQs are straightforward if you have read NCERT carefully—options often test fine distinctions, such as subjects in Union vs Concurrent List or features of 'holding together' vs 'coming together' federations. Short-answer questions (3 marks) usually begin with command words like 'Explain', 'Describe', or 'How', requiring you to provide three distinct, well-explained points. Long answers (5 marks) demand structured, analytical responses with examples. Revise NCERT Examples boxes, especially the comparison table of Belgium and Sri Lanka, and the features of Indian federalism. Current affairs integration is subtle—know recent developments like GST (Concurrent List subject), Jammu and Kashmir reorganisation, or demands for statehood (Ladakh, Vidarbha). Practice writing answers within word limits; 3-mark answers should be 60-80 words, and 5-mark answers 120-150 words.
  • 60% knowledge-based questions (definitions, lists, features) from NCERT text
  • 40% application-based (case studies, comparisons, data interpretation, current examples)
  • Case-based questions standard since 2020; passage or data followed by sub-questions
  • MCQs test fine distinctions—subjects in Lists, federal vs unitary features, amendments
  • Short answers (3 marks) need three clear points; long answers (5 marks) need structured, analytical writing with examples
  • Integrate current affairs subtly—GST, Article 370 abrogation, Panchayati Raj success stories
  • Revise NCERT comparison tables (India-Belgium, Union-State-Concurrent Lists) and Example boxes thoroughly

Common Mistakes Students Make and How to Avoid Them

Even well-prepared students lose marks in Federalism questions due to avoidable errors. One frequent mistake is confusing subjects in the Union, State, and Concurrent Lists. For instance, students often write that 'Police' is in the Union List (it is actually in the State List), or that 'Agriculture' is in the Concurrent List (it is in the State List). Solution: make a three-column table and memorise 10 subjects in each List from NCERT page 16. Another common error is mixing up federal and unitary features of the Indian Constitution. Students write that 'single Constitution' is a federal feature (it is actually a unitary feature). Clearly list federal features (division of powers, written Constitution, independent judiciary) and unitary features (single Constitution, single citizenship, strong Centre during emergencies) separately. In case-based questions, many students write generic answers without referring to the passage. Always quote or paraphrase the passage, and answer sub-questions in the sequence given—examiners match your answer to the mark scheme question by question. For comparison questions (India vs Belgium or Sri Lanka), avoid writing only about one country. Structure your answer as point-by-point comparison, not two separate paragraphs. In 5-mark answers, students often write long, unstructured essays. Use introduction, 4-5 numbered points, and a one-line conclusion. Each point should be 2-3 sentences with an example where possible. Spelling and terminology matter—write 'Panchayati Raj', not 'Panchayat Raj'; '73rd Amendment', not '73th Amendment'. Finally, many students skip the 'significance' or 'importance' part of a question and only describe the concept. If asked 'Explain the significance of decentralisation', do not just define decentralisation—explain why it matters (empowerment, representation, efficiency, accountability).
  • Confusing subjects in Union, State, and Concurrent Lists—memorise 10 subjects in each from NCERT
  • Mixing federal and unitary features of the Indian Constitution—list them separately and learn definitions
  • Writing generic answers in case-based questions—always refer to the passage and answer sub-questions in order
  • Comparison questions: avoid describing one country only—structure as point-by-point comparison
  • 5-mark answers: avoid long essays—use introduction, numbered points, and a conclusion with examples
  • Spelling errors: write 'Panchayati Raj', '73rd Amendment', 'Concurrent List'—terminology precision matters
  • Skipping 'significance' or 'importance' part—do not just describe, explain why the concept matters for democracy or governance

Expert Tips for Scoring Full Marks in Federalism Questions

Scoring full marks in Chapter 14 Federalism requires conceptual clarity, structured writing, and smart exam strategies. First, read the entire NCERT chapter at least twice—once for understanding, once for memorising key terms, lists, and examples. Underline definitions and features; they often appear verbatim in MCQs. Second, practice writing answers within time limits. Allocate 1 minute per mark—3-mark questions should take 3 minutes, 5-mark questions 5-6 minutes. Third, for MCQs, eliminate obviously wrong options first. If you are unsure, recall NCERT page references—examiners rarely set tricky questions outside the textbook. Fourth, in short-answer questions, start with a one-line definition or context, then give points. For example, for 'Explain decentralisation in India', write: 'Decentralisation is the transfer of power to local governments. In India: (i) 73rd and 74th Amendments (1992)... (ii) Reserved seats for women and SC/ST... (iii) Devolution of powers and funds...' Fifth, use examples and data where possible—'Over 10 lakh women representatives in Panchayats', 'GST is a Concurrent List subject'. Specific facts impress examiners. Sixth, for case-based questions, underline keywords in the passage and match them to sub-questions. If the passage mentions 'linguistic reorganisation', the sub-question will likely ask its significance or challenges. Seventh, revise the comparison tables (India-Belgium, Union-State-Concurrent Lists) and the NCERT examples box on language policy. Eighth, practice answer-writing on CBSETUTOR.ai using the photo-upload feature—snap your handwritten answer, and the AI tutor will evaluate it against CBSE marking schemes, pointing out missing keywords or structural issues. This instant feedback loop is far more effective than self-assessment. Finally, stay calm during the exam; if you forget a point, move on and come back if time permits. Quality of points matters more than quantity.
  • Read NCERT Chapter 14 twice—once for understanding, once for memorisation of terms and examples
  • Allocate 1 minute per mark; practice timed writing to build speed and accuracy
  • For MCQs, eliminate wrong options and recall NCERT page references—questions rarely go beyond textbook
  • Start short answers with a one-line definition or context, then list well-explained points
  • Use specific examples and data—'73rd Amendment 1992', 'Over 10 lakh women in Panchayats', 'GST in Concurrent List'
  • In case-based questions, underline keywords in passage and match them to sub-questions
  • Revise comparison tables (India-Belgium, three Lists) and NCERT examples box on language policy
  • Practise answer-writing on CBSETUTOR.ai (₹999/month, 3-day free trial) for instant AI feedback on structure, keywords, and CBSE marking alignment

How CBSETUTOR.ai Helps You Master Chapter 14 Federalism

CBSETUTOR.ai is an AI-powered 24×7 tutor designed for CBSE students in Classes 6-12. At a flat fee of ₹999 per month—one price for all subjects and classes—it offers unmatched value compared to traditional coaching that costs ₹5,000-10,000 monthly. For Chapter 14 Federalism, the platform provides instant doubt-solving via photo upload: snap a question or your handwritten answer, and the AI delivers step-by-step explanations, identifies missing points, and compares your answer to CBSE marking schemes. This is especially useful for case-based and 5-mark questions where structure and keywords determine marks. The AI tutor covers NCERT-aligned notes, important questions, previous years' board papers, and topic-wise tests. You can ask conceptual questions like 'What is the difference between federal and unitary features?' or application questions like 'Why did India adopt linguistic reorganisation?' and receive clear, exam-focused answers. The platform also offers practice MCQs with instant scoring and explanations—ideal for quick revision before exams. Parents appreciate the transparency: no hidden fees, no pressure to buy expensive packages. Students love the convenience—study anytime, anywhere, without commuting to coaching centres. A 3-day free trial lets you explore all features risk-free. Whether you are in a metro with access to multiple tutors or in a Tier-2 city with limited coaching options, CBSETUTOR.ai levels the playing field, giving every CBSE student access to high-quality, on-demand help for Federalism and every other chapter.
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  • NCERT-aligned notes, important questions, previous years' papers, and topic-wise tests for Chapter 14 Federalism
  • AI evaluates your answers against CBSE marking schemes, identifies missing keywords and structural issues
  • Practice MCQs with instant scoring and explanations for quick revision and self-assessment
  • 24×7 availability—study anytime, anywhere, without commuting to coaching centres
  • 3-day free trial to explore all features risk-free, ideal for students in metros and Tier-2 cities alike

Frequently asked questions

How many marks does Chapter 14 Federalism carry in the CBSE Class 10 Social Science board exam?+
Chapter 14 Federalism typically carries 4-6 marks in the CBSE Class 10 Social Science board exam. Questions appear as 1-mark MCQs, 3-mark short answers, and 4-5 mark case-based questions in different sections of the paper.
What are the most important topics in Federalism for board exams?+
The most important topics are: (i) Federal structure in India—Union, State, and Concurrent Lists; (ii) Decentralisation—73rd and 74th Amendments, Panchayati Raj; (iii) Language policy and linguistic reorganisation; (iv) Comparison of Indian federalism with Belgium or Sri Lanka; (v) Federal vs unitary features of the Indian Constitution.
What is the difference between Union List, State List, and Concurrent List?+
The Union List contains subjects on which only the Central government can make laws (e.g., defence, foreign affairs, currency). The State List contains subjects on which only State governments can legislate (e.g., police, agriculture, local government). The Concurrent List has subjects on which both Centre and States can legislate (e.g., education, forests, marriage), but in case of conflict, Union law prevails.
Why are the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments important?+
The 73rd Amendment (1992) gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions in rural areas, and the 74th Amendment did the same for Urban Local Bodies. These amendments mandated regular elections, reserved seats for women and SC/ST, and enabled devolution of powers and funds to local governments, making them the third tier of Indian federalism.
How should I prepare for case-based questions on Federalism?+
Read the passage or data carefully, underline keywords, and match them to sub-questions. Answer each sub-question in the order given, referring to the passage where required. Practise past years' case-based questions from CBSE sample papers, and use CBSETUTOR.ai to upload your answers for AI feedback on structure and keywords.
What are common mistakes to avoid in Federalism answers?+
Common mistakes include: confusing subjects in the three Lists, mixing federal and unitary features, writing generic answers in case-based questions without referring to the passage, describing only one country in comparison questions, and skipping the 'significance' part when asked. Avoid these by memorising lists, structuring answers, and practising answer-writing.
How is the Belgian model of federalism different from the Indian model?+
Belgium is a 'coming together' federation with Community and Regional governments based on language and territory, ensuring equal representation of linguistic groups in the Central government. India is a 'holding together' federation with Union, State, and Local tiers, division of powers via three Lists, and linguistic States within a Union framework. Both respect diversity but have different origins and structures.
Can CBSETUTOR.ai help me practise Chapter 14 Federalism questions?+
Yes, CBSETUTOR.ai offers 24×7 AI tutoring at ₹999/month for all classes 6-12. Upload photos of Federalism questions or your answers, and the AI provides instant explanations, evaluates your answers against CBSE marking schemes, and suggests improvements. It also includes NCERT-aligned notes, important questions, and practice MCQs. A 3-day free trial is available.
What is the significance of decentralisation in India?+
Decentralisation empowers local communities by transferring powers and resources to Panchayats and Municipalities. It enhances participation (especially of women and marginalised groups), improves accountability, ensures better implementation of schemes like MGNREGA, and strengthens the federal structure by adding a third tier of governance closer to the people.
How much time should I spend on a 5-mark question on Federalism?+
Allocate approximately 5-6 minutes for a 5-mark question. Spend 1 minute reading the question or passage, 3-4 minutes writing the answer (introduction, 4-5 points, conclusion), and 1 minute reviewing for completeness and spelling. Practise timed writing to build speed and maintain quality under exam conditions.

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