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CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us — Notes

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us marks a student's first formal introduction to material science and systematic classification. Every object we use daily — from the steel spoon in our kitchen to the cotton shirt we wear — is made from materials chosen for specific properties. This chapter from NCERT Class 6 Science teaches students to observe, compare, and group materials based on properties like hardness, transparency, lustre, solubility, and density. Understanding these concepts is crucial not only for scoring well in Class 6 examinations but also for building a strong foundation for chemistry in Classes 7 through 10, where material properties become central to understanding reactions, compounds, and industrial processes.

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Key takeaways

✓CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us teaches classification of materials based on five key properties: hardness, transparency, lustre, solubility, and density
✓The chapter explains why specific materials are selected for particular objects — for example, metals for cooking utensils due to thermal conductivity and non-reactivity
✓Students learn the difference between transparent (glass), translucent (butter paper), and opaque (wood) materials through hands-on NCERT activities
✓Material grouping skills taught in this chapter appear in 8-10 marks worth of questions in CBSE Class 6 annual examinations
✓Understanding material properties now builds the foundation for Chapters 9 (Separation of Substances) and future chemistry topics in Classes 7-10
✓NCERT Class 6 Science uses everyday examples like clothing choices, utensil selection, and building materials to make material science relatable
✓The chapter requires students to perform simple home-based activities that are frequently asked as practical-based questions in CBSE assessments

What Does CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us Cover?

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us is structured around five major learning objectives aligned with the 2024-25 NCERT syllabus. The chapter begins by encouraging students to observe objects in their immediate environment and identify the materials from which they are made. Students learn that most objects are not made from a single material but combinations chosen for specific purposes. The chapter then introduces systematic classification based on observable properties — a skill that forms the bedrock of scientific inquiry. NCERT Class 6 Science uses this chapter to develop critical thinking: Why is a particular material chosen for a specific function? The pedagogical approach moves from concrete observation (looking at objects) to abstract classification (grouping by properties) and finally to application (choosing appropriate materials for new objects). This scaffolded learning ensures that even students without prior science exposure can grasp fundamental concepts of material science.

Classification of materials by appearance and feel — introducing hard versus soft materials with examples like iron nails versus cotton
Understanding transparency, translucency, and opacity through the 'can we see through it?' test using glass, butter paper, and wood
Exploring lustre in materials, particularly metals, and understanding why jewellery uses lustrous materials
Investigating solubility by dissolving common substances like salt, sugar, chalk powder, and sand in water
Learning about density indirectly through floating and sinking experiments without using the term formally
Practical decision-making: selecting appropriate materials for specific objects like utensils, clothing, and construction
Connecting material properties to real-world applications that students encounter in their homes and schools

Classification of Materials by Hardness in CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6

Hardness is the first property introduced in CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us, and NCERT defines it through a simple operational test: Can the material be compressed or scratched easily? Hard materials like iron, stone, and wood resist deformation, while soft materials like cotton, sponge, and clay can be easily compressed or moulded. Students perform hands-on activities comparing the hardness of various objects — pressing a piece of chalk versus a metal key, for instance. The chapter deliberately uses familiar objects so students can replicate observations at home. This property becomes crucial when discussing why certain materials are chosen for specific purposes: floors are made of hard materials like marble or concrete because they must withstand constant pressure and friction, while cushions and pillows use soft materials for comfort. Understanding hardness also prepares students for Class 7, where they encounter concepts like malleability and brittleness in metals.

Hard materials resist compression and scratching — examples include metals, stones, glass, and dense wood
Soft materials can be easily deformed, compressed, or scratched — examples include cotton, sponge, clay, and rubber
The choice between hard and soft materials depends on function: a chair needs hard wood for structure, but a seat cushion needs soft foam for comfort
CBSE examination questions often ask students to classify 8-10 given materials as hard or soft, worth 3-4 marks

Understanding Transparency, Translucency, and Opacity in Materials Around Us

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us introduces transparency through a child-friendly question: Can we see through this material clearly? Transparent materials like clear glass, water, and some plastics allow light to pass through completely, enabling us to see objects on the other side with clarity. Translucent materials like butter paper, frosted glass, and thin cloth allow some light to pass through but scatter it, so we cannot see objects clearly — we perceive only shapes and diffused light. Opaque materials like wood, metals, thick cloth, and cardboard do not allow light to pass through at all. NCERT Class 6 Science includes an activity where students place different materials in front of a light source or try to read text through them, observing which materials permit clear vision, which permit hazy vision, and which block vision entirely. This property is particularly important when choosing materials for windows (transparent glass), lampshades (translucent paper or fabric), and walls (opaque brick or concrete). Questions on this topic in CBSE Class 6 exams often involve classifying 10-12 materials or explaining why certain materials are chosen for specific applications.

Lustre in Materials: Why Metals Shine

Lustre refers to the shine or gloss that a material exhibits, and CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us focuses primarily on metallic lustre. NCERT explains that metals such as gold, silver, copper, iron, and aluminium have a characteristic shine when their surfaces are clean and polished. This property is why metals are preferred for jewellery, utensils, and decorative items. Students learn that non-metals generally lack lustre — for instance, wood, plastic, and paper do not shine even when polished. However, NCERT also introduces exceptions: graphite (a form of carbon) has some lustre, and iodine (a non-metal) shows a shiny surface. The chapter includes an activity where students collect metal and non-metal objects, clean them, and observe which ones exhibit lustre. Understanding lustre is important for material selection: mirrors use metals or metal coatings because their lustre reflects light efficiently. In CBSE Class 6 examinations, students are often asked to identify lustrous and non-lustrous materials from a given list or explain why metals are used in applications requiring shine.

Lustrous materials exhibit shine or gloss — metals like gold, silver, copper, aluminium, and iron are the primary examples
Non-lustrous materials do not shine even when polished — wood, plastic, paper, and most non-metals fall into this category
Lustre in metals is due to their ability to reflect light from their surface, a concept explored more deeply in Class 8 Physics
Jewellery, mirrors, and decorative items use lustrous materials because of their aesthetic appeal and light-reflecting properties
NCERT mentions iodine and graphite as exceptions — non-metals that show some degree of lustre

Solubility: Which Materials Dissolve in Water?

Solubility is a crucial property covered in CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us, defined as the ability of a material to dissolve in a liquid (typically water in NCERT activities). Students learn through hands-on experiments: salt and sugar dissolve completely in water, forming a transparent solution where the solid seems to disappear. In contrast, chalk powder, sand, and sawdust do not dissolve — they remain suspended or settle at the bottom. NCERT Class 6 Science explains that when a material dissolves, its particles spread uniformly throughout the water, which is why we cannot see them anymore but can taste or detect them. This concept is foundational for Chapter 9 (Separation of Substances), where students learn techniques like evaporation and filtration. Solubility also has practical applications: we dissolve sugar in milk, salt in cooking, and medicine in water because dissolved substances mix uniformly and are easier to consume. CBSE examination questions on solubility typically ask students to predict which substances will dissolve in water, describe the dissolving process, or explain why certain materials are chosen for specific solutions.

Soluble materials dissolve in water to form a uniform mixture — common examples include salt, sugar, instant coffee powder, and many medicines
Insoluble materials do not dissolve in water — examples include sand, chalk powder, sawdust, stones, and most plastics
Temperature affects solubility: sugar dissolves faster in hot water than in cold water, a phenomenon students observe in everyday tea-making
Solubility is the basis for many separation techniques taught in NCERT Class 6 Science Chapter 9, such as evaporation and filtration

Density and Floating-Sinking Behavior in CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6

While CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us does not formally introduce the term 'density' or its mathematical definition, it explores the concept indirectly through floating and sinking experiments. Students observe that some materials like wood, plastic bottles (empty), and thermocol float on water, while others like stones, metal objects, and glass marbles sink. NCERT encourages students to notice that the floating or sinking behavior depends not just on the material but also on its form — a steel bowl may float if it traps air, but a steel ball of the same mass will sink. This intuitive understanding prepares students for the formal introduction of density in Class 9 Physics. The chapter connects this property to real-world applications: boats are made from materials and shapes that enable floating despite being made of heavy materials like steel. In CBSE examinations, questions may ask students to predict whether given materials will float or sink, or to explain observations from floating-sinking experiments.

Materials with lower density than water tend to float — examples include wood, cork, thermocol, and empty plastic bottles
Materials with higher density than water tend to sink — examples include stones, metals, glass, and sand
Shape and trapped air influence floating: a steel bowl floats because it traps air, but a steel ball sinks
Understanding floating and sinking is crucial for explaining why ships made of metal can float on water — a question commonly asked in CBSE Class 6 exams

Grouping and Classifying Materials Based on Properties

A central learning outcome of CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us is the ability to group materials systematically based on their properties. NCERT Class 6 Science teaches students that classification is not arbitrary but based on observable, testable characteristics. Students practice creating groups such as 'materials that dissolve in water', 'materials that are transparent', 'materials that have lustre', and so on. The chapter emphasizes that a single material can belong to multiple groups simultaneously — for instance, glass is hard, transparent, and insoluble in water. This multi-dimensional classification mirrors the scientific method used by chemists and material scientists. NCERT includes several activities where students are given 15-20 everyday objects and asked to group them using different criteria, encouraging flexible thinking. This skill is tested in CBSE Class 6 examinations through questions like: 'Group the following materials as lustrous and non-lustrous' or 'Classify these objects based on transparency'. Grouping questions typically carry 3-5 marks and test both recall of properties and the ability to apply classification logic.

Classification helps organize knowledge and makes it easier to predict material behavior based on properties
A single material can be part of multiple groups simultaneously — water is transparent, liquid at room temperature, and a solvent for many substances
NCERT activities ask students to classify materials by hardness, transparency, lustre, solubility, and other properties in various combinations
Grouping exercises develop analytical thinking and pattern recognition, skills essential for scientific inquiry in higher classes

Choosing Materials for Specific Objects: Application of Properties

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us culminates in teaching students to apply their understanding of material properties to real-world selection decisions. NCERT Class 6 Science poses questions like: Why are cooking utensils made of metals? Why is cotton preferred for summer clothing? Why are windows made of glass? Students learn that material selection is a process of matching properties to requirements. For cooking utensils, metals are chosen because they conduct heat well (allowing food to cook), are hard and durable (withstanding repeated use), and can be cleaned easily. For summer clothing, cotton is chosen because it absorbs sweat, is soft and comfortable, and allows air circulation. For windows, glass is chosen because it is transparent (allowing light and visibility), hard (providing protection), and does not react with air or water. The chapter also discusses poor material choices to reinforce learning: plastic would melt if used for cooking utensils, metal would be uncomfortable for clothing, and wood would block light if used for windows. This application-based learning is heavily tested in CBSE Class 6 examinations through 3-5 mark questions asking students to justify material choices or suggest alternatives.

Utensils are made from metals because metals conduct heat efficiently, are durable, and can be shaped easily through processes like casting and moulding
Clothing materials are chosen based on thermal properties, texture, and breathability — cotton for summer, wool for winter, synthetic fibres for rain protection
Windows use glass because it is transparent (allows light), hard (provides security), and weather-resistant (does not decay)
Furniture uses wood because it is hard and strong enough to bear weight, can be carved into shapes, and is aesthetically pleasing
Ropes are made from materials like jute and nylon because they are flexible yet strong and can be twisted into threads
Understanding material selection helps students appreciate the engineering and design thinking behind everyday objects

Common Misconceptions Students Have in CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6

Several misconceptions arise when students study CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us, and addressing these is crucial for conceptual clarity. One frequent error is assuming that all metals are hard — students are surprised to learn that sodium and potassium are soft metals that can be cut with a knife (though NCERT Class 6 Science does not cover this in detail, some students encounter it in reference books). Another misconception is that dissolving and melting are the same process — students often confuse sugar dissolving in water with ice melting. NCERT clarifies that dissolving involves a solid spreading uniformly in a liquid, while melting is a change of state from solid to liquid due to heating. A third common error is thinking that all transparent materials are also soft — glass is a counter-example, being both hard and transparent. Some students also believe that if a material floats, it must be light in weight — but a large wooden log can be heavier than a small metal ball yet still float because density, not total weight, determines floating. Teachers and parents should watch for these misconceptions and use NCERT activities to correct them through observation and experimentation.

Misconception 1: All hard materials are opaque — Counter-example: glass is hard but transparent
Misconception 2: Dissolving and melting are the same — Correction: dissolving is a solid spreading in a liquid; melting is a state change from solid to liquid
Misconception 3: All metals are hard — Exception: sodium and potassium (not in Class 6 NCERT but good to know for curious students)
Misconception 4: Weight determines floating — Correction: density (relationship between mass and volume) determines floating, not absolute weight
Misconception 5: All lustrous materials are metals — Exception: some non-metals like iodine and graphite show lustre

Important NCERT Activities from CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us

NCERT Class 6 Science Chapter 6 includes several hands-on activities designed to help students discover material properties through observation and experimentation. Activity 1 involves collecting objects made of different materials and grouping them — students bring items like spoons, keys, cloth pieces, paper, glass bottles, and plastic toys, then classify them by material type (metal, wood, plastic, etc.). Activity 2 focuses on testing hardness by trying to scratch or compress various objects. Activity 3 examines transparency by placing materials in front of a light source or text and observing visibility. Activity 4 investigates solubility by mixing various powders and liquids in water. Activity 5 explores floating and sinking by placing different objects in a tub of water. These activities are not just pedagogical tools but also frequent sources of practical-based questions in CBSE Class 6 examinations and internal assessments. Many schools conduct these as part of the continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE) scheme, awarding marks for participation, observation skills, and the ability to draw conclusions. Parents should ensure their child actually performs these activities at home, as the tactile and visual experience significantly enhances retention and understanding compared to merely reading about them.

Activity 1 (Material Identification): Collect 10-15 objects and identify the materials they are made from — develops observational skills and material recognition
Activity 2 (Hardness Test): Try to scratch or compress various materials — teaches operational definitions and comparative analysis
Activity 3 (Transparency Test): Place materials in front of light or text — develops understanding of light transmission and material properties
Activity 4 (Solubility Test): Mix salt, sugar, chalk powder, sand, and other substances in water and observe — teaches experimental procedure and recording observations
Activity 5 (Floating-Sinking): Place materials like wood, stones, metals, and plastics in water — introduces density concepts indirectly
Each activity typically takes 15-20 minutes to complete at home and can be done with easily available household items
Schools often award 5-10 marks for practical work and activity notebooks in internal assessments, making these activities important for overall grades

How CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us Connects to Higher Classes

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us is not a standalone unit but the foundation for several crucial concepts in Classes 7 through 10. The classification skills taught here are extended in Class 7, where students learn about physical and chemical changes, and in Class 8, where they study metals, non-metals, and their chemical properties in depth. The concept of solubility introduced in this chapter becomes central to Class 9 Chemistry, where students learn about solutions, concentration, and solubility curves quantitatively. The informal introduction to density through floating-sinking experiments is formalized in Class 9 Physics with the equation density equals mass divided by volume. Understanding material properties is also essential for Class 10 Chemistry chapters on metals and non-metals, carbon compounds, and acids-bases, where the focus shifts from observable properties to chemical reactivity and bonding. Parents often underestimate this chapter as 'simple' or 'common sense', but a weak foundation here can cause struggles when chemistry and physics become more abstract and mathematical in Classes 9-10. Students who thoroughly understand CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us find the transition to higher-level science much smoother.

Class 7 connection: Physical and chemical changes build on understanding material properties and transformations
Class 8 connection: Detailed study of metals and non-metals expands on the lustre, hardness, and conductivity concepts introduced in Class 6
Class 9 connection: Formal density formula and Archimedes' principle explain the floating-sinking behavior observed in this chapter
Class 9 connection: Solutions, solubility, and concentration quantify the dissolving concepts learned qualitatively in Class 6
Class 10 connection: Chemical properties of materials, reactivity series, and material science applications deepen the foundational knowledge from this chapter
The classification and grouping skills taught in this chapter are transferable to biology (classification of organisms) and other scientific disciplines

Examination Pattern and Marking Scheme for CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us typically contributes 8-10 marks to the annual examination, distributed across different question types. The 2024-25 CBSE assessment pattern for Class 6 Science includes multiple-choice questions (MCQs), very short answer questions (1 mark), short answer questions (2-3 marks), and long answer questions (5 marks). From this chapter, expect 2-3 MCQs asking students to identify properties of given materials or classify them. Very short answer questions might ask for definitions (What is lustre?) or examples (Name two transparent materials). Short answer questions typically involve explaining why a material is chosen for a specific purpose or describing an NCERT activity. Long answer questions might ask students to compare and contrast material properties or discuss multiple applications. Internal assessments and periodic tests include 5-10 marks for practical activities, where students are graded on their ability to perform experiments, record observations systematically, and draw correct conclusions. Understanding this marking distribution helps students prioritize their preparation — memorizing properties and examples for quick-recall questions while practicing explanation-based answers for higher-value questions.

How CBSETUTOR.ai Helps Students Master CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us involves both conceptual understanding and practical application, which can be challenging for students who miss classes, struggle with activity-based learning, or need additional practice. CBSETUTOR.ai provides 24×7 AI tutoring that has ingested every NCERT textbook for Classes 6-12, including detailed content from this chapter. Students can upload photos of any question from their textbook, worksheet, or test paper, and receive step-by-step explanations tailored to the CBSE syllabus. For instance, if a student is confused about why a steel bowl floats but a steel ball sinks, they can ask the AI tutor and receive an explanation connecting shape, air trapping, and density without using overly complex terminology. The platform also generates practice questions specifically focused on CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us, helping students prepare for different question formats — classification tables, property-based grouping, application questions, and activity descriptions. Parents appreciate that CBSETUTOR.ai runs at a flat rate of ₹999 per month covering all subjects for Classes 6-12, with a 3-day free trial requiring no credit card. This makes it affordable for families who want consistent academic support without the cost and scheduling constraints of traditional tutoring. The AI tutor is available at any hour, so students studying late at night before an exam or working on weekend homework can get immediate help.

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Frequently asked questions

How many marks does CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us carry in the annual exam?+

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us typically carries 8-10 marks in the annual examination, distributed across MCQs (2-3 marks), short answer questions (4-6 marks), and possibly one long answer question (5 marks). Additionally, 5-10 marks may be allocated to practical activities and the activity notebook in internal assessments and periodic tests under the CCE scheme.

What is the difference between transparent and translucent materials according to NCERT Class 6 Science?+

According to NCERT Class 6 Science, transparent materials like clear glass and water allow light to pass through completely, enabling us to see objects on the other side clearly. Translucent materials like butter paper and frosted glass allow some light to pass through but scatter it, so we can only see vague shapes and colours, not clear images. Opaque materials like wood and metal do not allow any light to pass through.

Why does NCERT ask students to perform activities instead of just reading about material properties?+

NCERT emphasizes hands-on activities in CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us because observing and experimenting helps students develop scientific thinking and retain concepts better than passive reading. Activities teach students to form hypotheses, test them systematically, record observations, and draw evidence-based conclusions — skills essential for science learning in higher classes. Schools also award marks for activity work in internal assessments.

My child finds it hard to remember which materials have which properties. What is the best study strategy?+

Create property-based classification tables where your child fills in common materials under each property heading (hard/soft, transparent/opaque, lustrous/non-lustrous, soluble/insoluble). Use real objects from home — let them handle a metal spoon, glass tumbler, cotton cloth, wooden block, etc. Physical interaction creates stronger memory associations. Practice mixed classification questions where the same material must be placed in multiple categories. Repetition through worksheet solving is key for retention.

Are the floating-sinking experiments in CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us related to density?+

Yes, though NCERT Class 6 Science does not formally introduce the term 'density' or its mathematical formula, the floating-sinking experiments indirectly teach this concept. Materials that float have lower density than water, while materials that sink have higher density. This intuitive understanding prepares students for Class 9 Physics, where they learn the formal definition: density equals mass divided by volume.

What is lustre, and why do only some materials show it?+

Lustre is the shine or gloss exhibited by a material surface. Metals like gold, silver, copper, and iron show lustre because their atomic structure allows them to reflect light efficiently from their surface. Most non-metals like wood, plastic, and paper do not have lustre. NCERT Class 6 Science mentions exceptions like iodine and graphite (non-metals with some lustre), though the detailed explanation of why this occurs is covered in higher classes when students learn about atomic structure and electron behavior.

How does CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us help in choosing materials for real-world objects?+

This chapter teaches students to match material properties with functional requirements. For example, cooking utensils need materials that conduct heat well, are durable, and do not react with food — metals fulfill these criteria. Summer clothing needs materials that absorb sweat and allow air circulation — cotton fits these requirements. Windows need transparency for light and visibility plus hardness for protection — glass provides both. This application-based thinking is crucial for engineering and design thinking.

Will my child be tested on the NCERT activities in school exams?+

Yes, absolutely. CBSE schools commonly include questions asking students to describe NCERT activities, state expected observations, or draw diagrams of experimental setups. Internal assessments and practicals may require students to actually perform these activities and submit written reports. Questions like 'Describe the activity to test solubility of different materials in water' or 'What happens when you place wood and iron in a tub of water?' are very common in Class 6 Science exams, typically worth 3-5 marks.

What is the most commonly asked long answer question from CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us?+

The most common 5-mark long answer question is: 'Explain any four properties of materials with examples and their practical applications.' Students are expected to write about hardness, transparency, lustre, and solubility (or any four properties), giving clear definitions, examples, and real-world uses for each. Another frequent question is: 'Why are different materials used for making different objects? Explain with three examples.' Both require well-structured 150-200 word answers.

How can I help my child if they are confused between solubility and miscibility?+

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us focuses only on solubility — whether a solid dissolves in a liquid (water). Miscibility, which refers to whether two liquids mix uniformly, is not part of the Class 6 syllabus. If your child encounters this term in a reference book, clarify that solubility is solid-in-liquid (salt in water) while miscibility is liquid-in-liquid (oil and water do not mix, so they are immiscible). Stick to NCERT terminology to avoid confusion.

Does CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 require memorizing the periodic table or chemical formulas?+

No, CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Materials Around Us does not require any knowledge of chemical formulas, the periodic table, or chemical reactions. The chapter focuses entirely on observable physical properties like hardness, transparency, lustre, solubility, and density. It uses common names of materials (salt, sugar, iron, glass) without introducing chemical nomenclature. That level of chemistry begins in Class 8 and intensifies in Classes 9-10.

My child's school uses a different science textbook. Will the CBSE exam still be based on NCERT?+

Yes, CBSE question papers for Class 6 Science are set strictly according to the NCERT syllabus and content, regardless of which textbook a school uses for teaching. If your child's school uses a private publisher's book (like S. Chand, Lakhmir Singh, or others), ensure they also study the NCERT Class 6 Science textbook for Chapter 6, as the language, examples, and activity descriptions from NCERT are what appear in the board exam and most school tests. NCERT remains the definitive reference for CBSE assessments.

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