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CBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 7 Federalism Worksheet with Answers

Federalism forms the constitutional backbone of Indian democracy, distributing powers between the Union and State governments while empowering local bodies. This printable worksheet for CBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 7 offers rigorous practice across question formats you will encounter in board exams and school assessments. Complete with detailed answers, it transforms revision into active learning.

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Key takeaways

✓Worksheet covers all key concepts from NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 7 including centre-state relations and local government structures
✓Includes 90+ practice questions across MCQs, fill-in-the-blanks, match-the-following, short answers, and long HOTS questions
✓Complete answer key with explanations helps students self-assess and understand federal principles deeply
✓Case study question develops critical analysis skills for contemporary federalism challenges in India
✓Difficulty level: Moderate to Advanced; Suggested completion time: 90 minutes for comprehensive practice
✓Aligned with latest CBSE Class 11 Political Science syllabus and NCERT textbook terminology

Quick Chapter Recap: Federalism Essentials

Before you begin the worksheet, refresh these core concepts from NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 7. Federalism is a system of government where powers are divided between a central authority and various constituent units. India practices a unique form of federalism with a strong centre and asymmetric relations with states. The Constitution demarcates powers through three lists: Union List (defence, foreign affairs, currency), State List (police, agriculture, public health), and Concurrent List (education, forests, marriage). Centre-state relations operate through legislative, administrative, and financial dimensions, while local governments (Panchayati Raj and Municipalities) represent the third tier of federalism after the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments.

Federal features: dual polity, written Constitution, division of powers, independent judiciary, bicameralism
Unitary features: single citizenship, integrated judiciary, emergency provisions, appointment of Governors
Centre-state relations governed by Articles 245-263 covering legislative, administrative, and financial matters
Article 370 (now abrogated) granted special status to Jammu & Kashmir; Article 371 provisions for several northeastern states
Local self-governance institutionalized through Part IX (Panchayats) and Part IX-A (Municipalities) of the Constitution

Worksheet Details: Difficulty Level and Time Allocation

This CBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 7 Federalism worksheet is designed at a moderate-to-advanced difficulty level to challenge students preparing for Term exams and board assessments. The questions range from factual recall (MCQs and fill-in-the-blanks) to conceptual application (short answers) and critical analysis (long HOTS questions and case study). Suggested time allocation: 90 minutes for the complete worksheet under exam conditions. Section A (MCQs) — 12 minutes; Section B (Fill-in-the-blanks) — 10 minutes; Section C (Match or True/False) — 8 minutes; Section D (Short answers) — 25 minutes; Section E (Long answers) — 25 minutes; Case Study — 10 minutes. This mirrors actual exam time pressure while allowing thoughtful responses.

Total marks: 80 (indicative for practice; adapt as per your school pattern)
Question distribution: 40% factual recall, 35% conceptual understanding, 25% analysis and application
Aligned with CBSE marking scheme patterns for Political Science Theory paper
Use this worksheet after completing NCERT chapter reading and class notes revision
Self-assess using the detailed answer key provided at the end

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

Select the most appropriate answer for each question. These MCQs test your understanding of federalism concepts, centre-state relations, and local government structures as per NCERT Class 11 Political Science syllabus. Each question has four options; only one is correct. Mark your answers clearly. In the answer key section, you will find explanations for why the correct option is right and why distractors are incorrect, helping you learn from mistakes and sharpen exam strategy. Pay attention to constitutional articles, amendment numbers, and specific terminologies used in the NCERT textbook. These MCQs cover factual recall as well as application-based scenarios to prepare you for both objective and subjective question formats in CBSE exams.

Q1. Which Article of the Indian Constitution deals with the distribution of legislative powers between the Union and States? (a) Article 245 (b) Article 356 (c) Article 370 (d) Article 368
Q2. The concept of 'cooperative federalism' in India emphasizes: (a) Competition between Centre and States (b) Collaboration and coordination between Centre and States (c) Complete autonomy of States (d) Supremacy of Union over States
Q3. Which Constitutional Amendment Act introduced Panchayati Raj institutions as the third tier of governance? (a) 42nd Amendment (b) 52nd Amendment (c) 73rd Amendment (d) 86th Amendment
Q4. The Union List in the Seventh Schedule contains how many subjects (approximately)? (a) 47 subjects (b) 66 subjects (c) 97 subjects (d) 117 subjects
Q5. Inter-State Council was established under which Article to promote Centre-State and Inter-State coordination? (a) Article 249 (b) Article 263 (c) Article 280 (d) Article 312
Q6. Residuary powers in India are vested with: (a) State Governments (b) Concurrent domain (c) Union Government (d) Local bodies
Q7. Which of the following states does NOT have special provisions under Article 371? (a) Maharashtra (b) Gujarat (c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Nagaland
Q8. The Sarkaria Commission (1983) was set up to examine: (a) Electoral reforms (b) Centre-State relations (c) Judicial independence (d) Local governance

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (1 mark each)

Complete each sentence with the correct term, constitutional article number, year, or concept from NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 7 on Federalism. These questions test precise recall of facts, definitions, and constitutional provisions central to understanding Indian federal structure. Write your answers in the blank spaces provided. The answer key will provide the exact terms expected; partial answers may not receive full marks, so ensure accuracy. This section reinforces important vocabulary and factual knowledge about centre-state relations, local government, constitutional amendments, and landmark provisions that shape federalism in India. Review NCERT textbook pages carefully for exact terminology and numerical data such as amendment numbers and article citations before attempting this section.

Q9. The Indian Constitution divides powers between the Union and States through __________, __________, and __________ Lists.
Q10. The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 pertains to __________ governance in urban areas.
Q11. The power to reorganize states lies with the __________ under Article __________.
Q12. __________ federalism refers to the multiple levels of government working independently within their spheres.
Q13. The Finance Commission is constituted every __________ years to recommend distribution of revenues between Centre and States.
Q14. Article __________ empowers the President to impose President's Rule in a state during a breakdown of constitutional machinery.
Q15. The concept of __________ grants allows the Union government to provide financial assistance to states for specific purposes.

Section C: Match the Following (1 mark each pair)

Match the items in Column A with the most appropriate descriptions, provisions, or concepts in Column B. This section from the CBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 7 Federalism worksheet tests your ability to connect constitutional articles with their purposes, commissions with their mandates, and federal concepts with their practical applications. Write the correct letter corresponding to each number. All items in Column B will be used exactly once, so eliminate options systematically. The answer key provides the complete correct matching along with brief explanations of why each pairing is appropriate. Understanding these connections deepens your grasp of how India's federal structure functions through constitutional mechanisms, institutional arrangements, and financial instruments that balance unity with diversity across states and union territories.

Column A: (16) Union List, (17) Concurrent List, (18) Article 356, (19) Eleventh Schedule, (20) Article 280, (21) Linguistic States, (22) All India Services
Column B: (a) President's Rule, (b) Subjects like Education and Forests, (c) Finance Commission, (d) Defence and Foreign Affairs, (e) Created by States Reorganisation Act 1956, (f) 29 subjects of Panchayats, (g) IAS, IPS, IFS under Union control serving States

Section D: Short Answer Questions (3 marks each)

Answer the following questions in approximately 60-80 words each. These CBSE Class 11 Political Science solutions-style questions require you to demonstrate conceptual understanding of federalism, centre-state relations, and local government. Structure your answers with a clear definition or statement, followed by two or three supporting points or examples from the NCERT textbook. Use appropriate political science terminology and cite constitutional provisions where relevant. Avoid vague generalities; instead, provide specific examples such as particular articles, amendments, or real governance instances. The answer key provides model answers with the depth and structure expected in board exams, helping you learn effective answer-writing techniques for three-mark questions that balance brevity with completeness.

Q23. Explain any three federal features of the Indian Constitution.
Q24. What is the significance of the Concurrent List in Indian federalism? Mention any two subjects from this list.
Q25. Describe the role of the Finance Commission in Centre-State financial relations.
Q26. How did the 73rd Constitutional Amendment strengthen local self-governance in rural India?
Q27. Distinguish between 'coming together' federations and 'holding together' federations. Which category does India belong to?
Q28. What are residuary powers? Which level of government holds these powers in India?

Section E: Long Answer and HOTS Questions (5 marks each)

Answer the following questions in approximately 120-150 words each. These higher-order thinking skill (HOTS) questions from NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 7 require you to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize concepts related to federalism in India. Your answers should include an introduction defining key terms, a body with 3-4 well-developed points supported by examples or constitutional references, and a brief conclusion or evaluative statement. Demonstrate critical thinking by discussing both strengths and challenges, comparing different perspectives, or relating theoretical concepts to contemporary political issues. The answer key provides comprehensive model answers that illustrate the depth of analysis, use of evidence, and balanced argumentation expected for five-mark questions in CBSE Political Science exams. These questions prepare you for the demands of analytical writing in board examinations.

Q29. Examine the major provisions that make India's federalism unique compared to other federal countries. Discuss any four such provisions.
Q30. Analyze the significance of Centre-State relations in maintaining the federal structure of India. What challenges have emerged in this relationship?
Q31. Evaluate the success of local self-government institutions (Panchayati Raj and Municipalities) in deepening democracy in India. What obstacles do they face?

Section F: Case Study Question (4 marks)

Read the case study carefully and answer the questions that follow. Case studies in CBSE Class 11 Political Science test your ability to apply theoretical knowledge of federalism to real-world scenarios. This question format has become increasingly important in recent CBSE exams, requiring you to analyze given information, identify relevant concepts, and draw reasoned conclusions. Your answers should directly reference details from the case while connecting them to chapter concepts like centre-state relations, financial federalism, or local governance. The answer key provides a model response showing how to extract relevant information from the passage, apply appropriate political science terminology, and structure a coherent analytical answer. This mirrors the competency-based assessment approach CBSE has been emphasizing in recent years for Political Science examinations.

Complete Answer Key with Explanations

This comprehensive answer key provides correct answers with detailed explanations for every question in the CBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 7 Federalism worksheet. Use this section for self-assessment after attempting all questions independently. For MCQs, understand why the correct option is right and why distractors are wrong. For descriptive answers, compare your response with the model answer, noting the structure, key points, and terminology used. The explanations reference specific NCERT textbook pages and constitutional articles, helping you trace back to original sources for deeper understanding. If you score below seventy percent on any section, revisit that portion of the NCERT chapter before attempting the worksheet again. Regular practice with such structured worksheets significantly improves retention and exam performance in Political Science.

Section A Answers: 1.(a) Article 245 divides legislative powers; 2.(b) Cooperative federalism emphasizes collaboration; 3.(c) 73rd Amendment 1992 for Panchayats; 4.(c) Union List has 97 subjects; 5.(b) Article 263 establishes Inter-State Council; 6.(c) Residuary powers with Union (Article 248); 7.(c) Uttar Pradesh has no Article 371 provision; 8.(b) Sarkaria Commission on Centre-State relations
Section B Answers: 9. Union, State, Concurrent; 10. Municipal/Urban local; 11. Parliament, Article 3; 12. Dual; 13. Five; 14. Article 356; 15. Grants-in-aid
Section C Answers: 16-d, 17-b, 18-a, 19-f, 20-c, 21-e, 22-g
Section D Model Answers provided below with key points for 60-80 word responses
Section E Model Answers provided below with comprehensive 120-150 word analytical responses
Section F Case Study Answers: (a) Currency falls under Union List Entry 36, giving exclusive legislative and executive authority to the Union government on matters of national economic policy requiring uniformity. (b) No, this does not reflect cooperative federalism as states were not consulted despite significant economic impact on state finances and local economies, showing centralized decision-making rather than collaborative governance.

Detailed Solutions for Short Answer Questions (Section D)

Question 24 Model Answer: The Concurrent List (Seventh Schedule, List III) contains subjects on which both Union and State legislatures can make laws, promoting cooperative federalism. It includes 52 subjects like education, forests, marriage, adoption, and transfer of property. This list allows flexibility — states can legislate according to local needs while the Centre can ensure national standards. However, Article 254 provides that in case of conflict between Union and State laws on concurrent subjects, the Union law prevails, reflecting India's bias toward a strong centre. The Concurrent List thus balances regional diversity with national uniformity. Question 25 Model Answer: The Finance Commission, constituted under Article 280 every five years, recommends how tax revenues should be distributed between Centre and States, ensuring fiscal federalism. It determines the share of states in the divisible pool of central taxes and the principles for grants-in-aid to states under Article 275. Recent Finance Commissions have used criteria like population, area, fiscal discipline, and forest cover to ensure equitable distribution. This constitutional mechanism reduces financial dependence of states on the Centre and promotes autonomy, though debates continue about the adequacy of devolution percentages.

Question 26 Model Answer: The 73rd Amendment (1992) added Part IX to the Constitution, mandating Panchayati Raj institutions in all states. It provided constitutional status to three-tier panchayats (village, block, district), regular elections every five years, and reservations for SCs/STs and women (one-third seats). The Eleventh Schedule listed 29 subjects like agriculture, health, and education to be devolved to panchayats. This amendment transformed local governance from a state subject to a constitutional mandate, deepening democracy by enabling grassroots participation, though implementation varies across states.
Question 27 Model Answer: 'Coming together' federations form when independent states unite, pooling sovereignty while retaining significant autonomy (USA, Switzerland, Australia). 'Holding together' federations occur when a large country devolves power to subnational units to accommodate diversity (India, Spain, Belgium). India belongs to the 'holding together' category — it was a unitary entity under British rule; post-independence, the Constitution created states and distributed powers. The Centre retains greater strength, can reorganize states (Article 3), and has emergency powers to temporarily convert the system into a unitary one, unlike 'coming together' federations where constituent units have guaranteed equal status.
Question 28 Model Answer: Residuary powers refer to legislative authority over subjects not mentioned in any of the three lists (Union, State, Concurrent) in the Seventh Schedule. Under Article 248, residuary powers in India vest with the Union Parliament, unlike countries such as Canada or the USA where they rest with states. This provision strengthens the Centre and allows it to legislate on emerging subjects unforeseen at the time of Constitution-making (e.g., cyber laws, space exploration). Entry 97 of the Union List explicitly includes 'any other matter not enumerated,' ensuring central authority over new areas of governance and reinforcing India's inclination toward a strong federal centre.

Detailed Solutions for Long Answer Questions (Section E)

Question 29 Model Answer: India's federalism is unique due to several distinctive provisions blending federal and unitary features. First, it follows a 'holding together' model where the Centre created states rather than states forming the union, giving the Centre constitutional superiority. Second, asymmetric federalism exists through special provisions — Article 370 (now abrogated) for Jammu & Kashmir, Article 371 for northeastern and other states, granting varying degrees of autonomy. Third, unlike classical federations with equal state representation in the upper house, India's Rajya Sabha has representation based on population, giving larger states more seats. Fourth, the Centre can unilaterally alter state boundaries, names, or even create new states under Article 3 without requiring state consent, only consultation. Fifth, emergency provisions (Articles 352, 356, 360) allow temporary conversion to a unitary system during national emergencies, President's Rule, or financial emergencies. Sixth, integrated judiciary and single citizenship (unlike dual citizenship in USA) reflect unitary traits. These features make Indian federalism flexible, accommodating diversity while maintaining national unity, though sometimes criticized for centralizing tendencies that may undermine state autonomy.

Question 30 Model Answer: Centre-State relations are foundational to India's federal structure, operating across legislative, administrative, and financial domains. Legislatively, the division of powers through three lists aims to prevent conflicts, though the Concurrent List and Union's residuary powers tilt balance toward the Centre. Administratively, while states have executive authority over state subjects, All India Services (IAS, IPS) are controlled by the Centre yet serve states, creating interdependence. Financially, states depend heavily on central transfers as the Centre collects major taxes; Finance Commission recommendations and grants-in-aid shape state finances. However, several challenges have emerged: frequent misuse of Article 356 (President's Rule) for political purposes undermines state autonomy; Governor's offices have witnessed Centre-State friction when different parties govern at each level; disputes over river water sharing (Cauvery, Ravi-Beas) reveal inadequate dispute resolution mechanisms; GST implementation created initial Centre-State revenue-sharing tensions; and demands for greater fiscal autonomy continue as states argue the vertical devolution percentage is insufficient. Cooperative bodies like Inter-State Council and NITI Aayog aim to address these, but political will and genuine dialogue remain essential for healthy federalism.
Question 31 Model Answer: The 73rd and 74th Amendments (1992) institutionalized Panchayati Raj and urban local bodies, aiming to deepen democracy through decentralization. Successes include: constitutional recognition elevated local governance from optional state legislation to mandatory structures; regular elections ensured democratic legitimacy; reservations for SCs/STs and women (one-third, later enhanced to fifty percent in many states for women) brought marginalized groups into governance — over 14 lakh elected women representatives now participate; Eleventh and Twelfth Schedules transferred 29 and 18 subjects respectively, enabling local planning for agriculture, health, sanitation, and urban amenities; schemes like MGNREGA are implemented through panchayats, demonstrating administrative capacity; participatory planning through Gram Sabhas has enhanced accountability in some regions. However, significant obstacles persist: inadequate devolution of funds, functions, and functionaries (3Fs) by state governments keeps panchayats dependent; state finance commissions are weak or non-functional in several states; capacity constraints and lack of training hinder effective governance; elite capture and caste-based power structures often dominate local bodies; functional overlaps between district officials and elected panchayat members create confusion; urban local bodies remain financially weak, dependent on state grants. For local governance to truly succeed, genuine devolution, capacity-building, and political commitment at state levels are essential.

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Frequently asked questions

What are the main topics covered in CBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 7 Federalism?+

Chapter 7 covers the meaning and features of federalism, India's unique federal structure, Centre-State relations across legislative, administrative and financial dimensions, special provisions for certain states under Articles 370 and 371, challenges in Indian federalism, and the role of local self-government institutions (Panchayati Raj and Municipalities) as the third tier of governance after the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments.

How should I prepare for questions on Centre-State relations in exams?+

Focus on understanding the three dimensions: legislative (division via Union, State, Concurrent Lists), administrative (All India Services, Article 256-257 provisions), and financial (Finance Commission role, grants-in-aid, tax devolution). Memorize key articles like 245-263, 280. Practice both theoretical explanations and contemporary examples like GST implementation or Governor-CM conflicts for analytical questions.

What is the difference between federal and unitary features in the Indian Constitution?+

Federal features include dual polity, written Constitution, division of powers, independent judiciary, and bicameralism. Unitary features include single citizenship, integrated judiciary, flexibility to alter state boundaries (Article 3), emergency provisions converting system to unitary temporarily, appointment of Governors by Centre, and All India Services. India is described as 'federal in form, unitary in spirit' or a 'quasi-federal' system balancing both characteristics.

How many questions should I practice from this worksheet before the exam?+

Attempt the entire worksheet at least twice — first under timed conditions (90 minutes) to simulate exam pressure, then untimed for thorough understanding. After checking answers, redo questions you got wrong. Additionally, practice similar questions from NCERT exercises, previous year papers, and sample papers. Aim for 50-60 questions total on Federalism across different formats to build confidence and speed.

What is the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments?+

The 73rd Amendment (1992) gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions in rural areas, mandating three-tier structure, regular elections, reservations for SCs/STs and women, and devolution of 29 subjects listed in the Eleventh Schedule. The 74th Amendment did the same for urban local bodies (Municipalities), listing 18 subjects in the Twelfth Schedule. Both deepened democracy by institutionalizing grassroots governance as the third tier of federalism.

How do I write effective long answers on federalism for 5-mark questions?+

Structure answers in four parts: brief introduction defining the concept, three to four well-developed points with constitutional references and examples, and a short conclusion or evaluative statement. Use specific articles, amendment numbers, and real examples (like Sarkaria Commission, GST Council). Each point should be 2-3 sentences. Balance description with analysis, especially for HOTS questions. Aim for 120-150 words within 12-15 minutes.

What are residuary powers and why are they important in Indian federalism?+

Residuary powers (Article 248) refer to legislative authority over subjects not listed in Union, State, or Concurrent Lists. In India, these vest with the Union Parliament, unlike federations like Canada where they rest with provinces. This allows the Centre to legislate on emerging issues unforeseen during Constitution-making, such as cyber security, space technology, and e-commerce, strengthening central authority and ensuring the federal structure adapts to changing governance needs.

How can I remember all the constitutional articles related to federalism?+

Create memory aids: Articles 245-246 (division of powers), Article 248 (residuary), Article 249 (Parliament power in national interest), Article 254 (Concurrent List conflicts), Article 263 (Inter-State Council), Article 280 (Finance Commission), Articles 352-360 (emergencies). Make flashcards pairing each article with its function. Revise daily for a week. Practice applying them in answers rather than rote learning numbers — understanding context improves retention significantly.

What is cooperative federalism and how is it different from competitive federalism?+

Cooperative federalism emphasizes collaboration between Centre and States through institutions like Inter-State Council, NITI Aayog, and GST Council, where both levels work together on policy matters. Competitive federalism involves states competing to attract investment, improve governance, and achieve better development outcomes, often encouraged through rankings and performance-based incentives. Modern India practices both — cooperative mechanisms for policy coordination and competitive dynamics for development, especially post-economic liberalization.

Are there any recent changes in federalism I should know for 2025 exams?+

Key recent developments include: abrogation of Article 370 in 2019, converting Jammu & Kashmir into union territories; 15th Finance Commission (2020-2025) recommendations on tax devolution; cooperative federalism during COVID-19 pandemic response; GST Council's evolving role in federal fiscal relations; debates over centralization versus state autonomy during various policy implementations. While NCERT may not cover post-publication events, being aware of current affairs strengthens answer quality and demonstrates updated knowledge in exams.

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